Soil volume: depth(ft) = depth(in)/12; soil(ft³) = length(ft)×width(ft)×depth(ft); soil(yd³) = soil(ft³)/27.
Bags: bags = ceil(soil(ft³)/bag_size(ft³)).
Plants: convert bed to inches; plants = floor(length(in)/spacing(in)) × floor(width(in)/spacing(in)).
Yield: range-only: plants × per-plant(lb) × bed type factor. Data is versioned in /data/crops.json.
Estimates only; verify with local extension recommendations and your cultivar.